Handwriting study

Handwriting study. Handwriting research In expert practice, it is often necessary to investigate texts made in “printed” handwriting – anonymous letters, leaflets, etc. To this type of letter, criminals resort to masking the usual cursive handwriting.

The specificity of this study is that, firstly, there are a number of points that make identification difficult, and secondly, there is a complex of handwriting features used only when studying texts that are imitated with a printed font.

In addition, there is a feature in the number of stages of research and in the sequence of separate study of handwriting.

The purpose of handwriting research is the identification of the text artist, so the reasons that made it difficult for the performer to identify the text executed with imitation of the printed font were carefully studied. The main of them: straightness and uniformity of strokes of printed letters; as a rule, a slow pace of execution; lack of connectivity, which leads to the loss of a whole complex of particular characters of handwriting.

Nevertheless, an identification study is possible due to the characteristics introduced in imitation of the printed font, i.e. consciously introduced and fixed during training, and signs of ordinary handwriting, preserved in consequence of their stability – these signs form the basis of identification when studying texts performed with imitation of the printed font.
For a deeper understanding of the development of “printed” handwriting, factors that influenced its formation in writing with imitation of the printed font were studied.

The main ones are: the general degree of depletion of ordinary handwriting – the previously acquired writing skill makes it possible to write with highly coordinated movements at a fairly fast pace; way of imitation: from memory or in the presence of standard samples of “printed” handwriting; degree of training.

Knowledge of the reasons that make it difficult to identify the performer; signs that constitute the basis of identification, and factors that affect the formation of “printed” handwriting, makes it possible to make an identification study of texts performed with imitation of the printed font.

But since the printed letter is structurally different from the cursive, the system of general and particular features designed for cursive writing (with the exception of signs of written speech) can not be fully applicable to “printed” handwriting.

The usual cursive is not inherent in the forms of printed letters straight lines, their connection at right angles, the presence of cut-offs and other features. In this regard, with reference to the characteristics of the letter in block letters, a system of identification features of the printed handwriting was developed.

In addition, much attention is paid to the study of the methodology of handwriting research in texts performed with imitation of the printed font.
The methodology has a number of features:
there is no stage in establishing the fact of intentional change, because the presence of a “printed” handwriting already indicates a distortion of the usual handwriting; separate research is aimed at establishing two groups of features: a printed letter and cursive writing.

Forensic study of handwriting, performed with imitation of the printed font, is distinguished by its complexity. It is complicated by the fact that criminals, disguising their usual handwriting, quite often use the letter with their left hand, execute the text using a stencil ruler, use other methods that complicate the identification of the performer.

To date, it is possible to resolve these complex issues of intentional change in handwriting.

The complexity of the study of handwriting performed on a stencil ruler is that the expert, in consequence of the undeveloped methodology for studying the type of objects under consideration, may take for the individual attribute the feature of writing the letter, which is due to the use of the ruler.

But taking into account the different degree of thoroughness of the execution of individual elements of written marks on the ruler and the sign characterizing the habitual way of holding a writing device, it is really possible to solve this problem and expand the possibility of identifying a person by handwriting, in such cases.

L.P. Nebesnaya / Kharkov NIISE / in his work “Study of texts performed with the left hand imitating the printed font” offers valuable recommendations on this topic and a number of signs so uniform for all manuscripts executed with the left hand imitating the “printed” font that this allows us to refer them to the characteristics that characterize this kind of writing.

In addition, a comparative study can be carried out in the presence of only cursive samples of handwriting, i.e. with limited comparability of the comparative material. Since 1989, the arsenal of handwriting experts has been mathematically developed by A.A.Kononov and A.V. Smirnov, which makes it possible to conduct an identification study of handwritten texts performed in imitation of printed fonts, with limited comparability of the comparative material.

This technique is mainly designed for situations when texts of large volume, executed with imitation of printed fonts, are subject to research, in the presence of only cursive samples of the handwriting of the alleged performer.
The application of the technique is possible and in the presence of “printed” samples. In this case, its use is supplemented by research in the framework of the current traditional methodology.

Handwriting study – 2018

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